Alcohol based sanitizer with improved dermal compatibility and feel

ABSTRACT

Applicants have identified a critical skin benefit package that can be used in liquid alcohol sanitizing compositions that provides lower amounts of skin conditioners in combination with a specific ratio of different emollients that provide improved skin health with chronic repeated use. The package also provides improved skin feel with without a tacky residue upon drying.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation of application U.S. Ser. No.15/951,422, filed on Apr. 12, 2018, which is a continuation of U.S. Ser.No. 15/235,428, filed on Aug. 12, 2016, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,962,323,issued May 8, 2018, which is a continuation of application U.S. Ser. No.13/911,524, filed on Jun. 6, 2013, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,439,841, issuedSep. 13, 2016, all of which are herein incorporated by reference intheir entirety.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to liquid alcohol based skin sanitizingcompositions that are formulated for repeated long term use. Thecompositions include a level of skin heath components to help tomaintain or improve skin health while also maintaining an acceptableskin feel and efficiency.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Alcohol compositions are desirable hand and skincare products. They areeffective against a wide range of microorganisms such as gram positiveand gram negative bacteria and fungi. They are also able to killmicroorganisms faster than other antimicrobial products. Alcoholantimicrobial products are available as water thin liquids, gels,emulsions, and aerosol foams.

Hand sanitizing substances are intended to reduce the risk of exposureto and the spread of pathogenic microorganisms encountered in day-to-dayactivities. Although the use of sanitizing alcohol based foams and gelsis well known, a need exists for a formulation that will moreeffectively kill germs and dry quickly, without negatively affectingskin health. However, many such quick drying gels have a compositionthat leaves an undesirable sticky residue. In addition, if the level ofalcohol is increased, such conventional gels often dry the skin.Accordingly, the need persists for a higher percentage of alcoholwithout generating an undesirable residue or the drying of the skin.

It is well known that skin health can be improved in leave onantibacterial products by the addition of humectants or moisturizers.However, the level of moisturizer needed to improve skin healthtypically has the drawback of causing excessive product build-up andstickiness which is unpleasant aesthetically to the user, and can alsolead to increased difficulty in applying gloves, reducing workefficiency. Both the stickiness and gloving issues may result in reducedproduct use by healthcare providers because the stickiness tends to makethe worker feel their hands are “dirty” and need to be washed and thereduced ability to glove impedes with their work flow.

When the level of skin health components in an alcohol-based sanitizeris not high enough, healthcare workers may experience extreme drying oftheir hands or in a worse case contact dermatitis, especially in lowhumidity climates or during the “dry” months of the year. Typical,basic/conventional hand sanitizers do not contain adequate amounts ofskin health promoting agents to improve skin health with repeated use.

It is an object of the present invention to provide a liquidalcohol-based skin sanitizing composition that can be in the form of agel, liquid, emulsion or aerosol foam that provides improved skin feelwithout sacrificing efficacy and which when used repeatedly will improveskin health.

Other objects of the invention will become clear from the description ofthe invention which follows.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Applicants have identified a critical skin benefit package that can beused in liquid alcohol sanitizing compositions that provides improvedskin health with chronic repeated use. The package also providesimproved skin feel without a tacky residue upon drying.

According to the invention, a skin benefit package of components isemployed which includes a specific combination of emollients. Theinvention uses a combination of “high spreading oils” (such asdicaprylyl carbonate, dibutyl adipate, hexyl laurate, dicaprylyl ether,propylheptyl caprylate, 4-10 centistoke silicone oil, D4, D5, or D6cyclic siloxane, isocetyl palmitate, hydrogenated polyisobutene, anddiethylhexylcarbonate), in combination with medium spreading oils (suchas capric/caprylic triglyceride, C12-15 alkyl benzoate, caprictriglyceride, caprylic triglyceride, isopropyl myristrate, isopropylpalmitate, octyldodecanol, decyl oleate, cocoglycerides, ethylhexylstearate, ceteraryl isononanoate, cetearyl ethyhexanonate, decylcocoate, cetyl dimethicone, ethylhexyl palmitate, PPG-11 stearyl ether,PPG-15 stearyl ether, and PPG-14 butyl ether). The ratio of oils is fromabout 3:1 to about 1:3 high spreading oil to medium spreading oil.

The skin benefit package also includes skin conditioning agents such asglycerin, bisabolol, vitamin E, nicatinamide, gluconic acid, glycine andthe like. The skin conditioning agents are present in an amount of lessthan 1.0 wt. % each, preferably less than 0.8 wt. % each and morepreferably less than 0.5 wt. % each and all skin conditioning agentstogether comprise less than 3 wt. % of the total sanitizing composition,preferably less than 2 wt. % and more preferably less than 1 wt. %.

The liquid alcohol sanitizing product may be in the form of a water thinliquid, gel, emulsion, or foam (aerosol or non-aerosol). In a preferredembodiment, the product is in the form of a non-aerosol foamingsanitizer.

In addition to the skin benefit package, the composition includes asanitizing component of a linear or branched lower alcohol, such as aC₁₋₆ alcohol, or a mixture of two or more such alcohols. The alcohol ispresent in an efficacious amount, generally from about 40% to about 99%,by weight of active alcohol, preferably from about 50 to about 90 wt. %,and most preferably from about 60 to about 80 wt. %. Examples ofsuitable alcohols include ethanol, propanols, such as isopropanol andn-propanol, and butanols.

The composition can also include other components such as other skinconditioners, emollients, moisturizers, humectants, thickeners,surfactants, fragrance, water and the like.

The invention also includes a method of sanitizing skin by applying thesanitizer to the skin and allowing the sanitizer to dry. The method isparticularly designed for multiple use settings, such as healthcare,where workers may apply the composition multiple times a day. The methodincludes use of a composition that includes lower amount of skin healthmaterials applied multiple times a day (chronic dosing) and has similaraffects as higher levels applied once or twice a day (acute dosing).

These and other embodiments will be apparent to those of skill in theart and others in view of the following detailed description of someembodiments. It should be understood, however, that this summary, andthe detailed description illustrate only some examples of variousembodiments, and are not intended to be limiting to the invention asclaimed.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

FIG. 1 is a graph of the overall product acceptance by nurses comparinga sanitizer of the invention with a commercially available productformulated to improve skin health with higher levels of moisturizers.One can see that the composition of the invention had a statisticallysignificant increase in overall product acceptance vs. the commercialproduct with higher levels of moisturizers.

FIG. 2 is a graph showing ease of gloving from the same test as FIG. 1.From the results again, one can see that the composition of theinvention resulted in easier gloving that the commercially availableproduct with higher levels of moisturizers.

FIG. 3 is a graph of a forearm controlled application test (FCAT)showing change in visual dryness for 2 compositions of the invention andthe commercially available skin nourishing formula, as well as untreatedskin. From the results one can see that the products were all similarwith respect to change in visual dryness despite the fact that thecompositions of the invention had lower levels of skin conditioningcomponents.

FIG. 4 is a graph of results of the FCAT showing change versus baselinefor visual redness. Here again, all of the products were statisticallysimilar despite the fact that the compositions of the invention had lessskin conditioning components.

FIG. 5 is a graph of the corneometer (skin moisture) results of theforearm controlled application test. The results show that thecompositions of the invention had no deleterious effect on skinmoisture.

FIG. 6 is a graph of transepidermal water loss (TEWL) results for theforearm controlled application test. The results show that one of thecompositions of the invention had statistically different transepidermalwater loss.

FIG. 7 is a graph of the results of a leg controlled application test(LCAT) showing visual dryness as determined by an expert grader. One cansee that the product of the invention even when used at the level of 30applications per day was most similar to untreated skin while both thecommercial “conventional sanitizer at 30 applications per day andantibacterial soap at only 3 washes per day showed significant increasein dryness versus untreated skin.

FIG. 8 is a graph of the results of the leg controlled application testshowing dryness measured with a corneometer (skin moisture bycapacitance). Here again the results show that the composition of theinvention demonstrated higher moisture content than skin treated witheither of the commercial compositions.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

While the presently described technology will be described in connectionwith one or more preferred embodiments, it will be understood by thoseskilled in the art that the technology is not limited to only thoseparticular embodiments. To the contrary, the presently describedtechnology includes all alternatives, modifications, and equivalents asmay be included within the spirit and scope of the appended claims.

It should be noted that, as used in this specification and the appendedclaims, the singular forms “a,” “an,” and “the” include plural referentsunless the content clearly dictates otherwise. Thus, for example,reference to a composition containing “a compound” includes a mixture oftwo or more compounds. It should also be noted that the term “or” isgenerally employed in its sense including “and/or” unless the contentclearly dictates otherwise.

The term “actives” or “percent actives” or “percent by weight actives”or “actives concentration” are used interchangeably herein and refers tothe concentration of those ingredients involved in cleaning expressed asa percentage minus inert ingredients such as water or salts.

As used herein, “weight percent,” “wt. %,” “percent by weight,” “% byweight,” and variations thereof refer to the concentration of asubstance as the weight of that substance divided by the total weight ofthe composition and multiplied by 100. It is understood that, as usedhere, “percent,” “%,” and the like are intended to be synonymous with“weight percent,” “wt. %,” etc.

The term “about,” as used herein, modifying the quantity of aningredient in the compositions of the invention or employed in themethods of the invention refers to variation in the numerical quantitythat can occur, for example, through typical measuring and liquidhandling procedures used for making concentrates or use solutions;through inadvertent error in these procedures; through differences inthe manufacture, source, or purity of the ingredients employed to makethe compositions or carry out the methods; and the like. The term aboutalso encompasses amounts that differ due to different equilibriumconditions for a composition resulting from a particular initialmixture. Whether or not modified by the term “about,” the claims includeequivalents to the quantities. All numeric values are herein assumed tobe modified by the term “about,” whether or not explicitly indicated.The term “about” generally refers to a range of numbers that one ofskill in the art would consider equivalent to the recited value (i.e.,having the same function or result). In many instances, the terms“about” may include numbers that are rounded to the nearest significantfigure.

The term “alkyl” or “alkyl groups,” as used herein, refers to saturatedhydrocarbons having one or more carbon atoms, including straight-chainalkyl groups (e.g., methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, hexyl, heptyl,octyl, nonyl, decyl, etc.), cyclic alkyl groups (or “cycloalkyl” or“alicyclic” or “carbocyclic” groups) (e.g., cyclopropyl, cyclopentyl,cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, cyclooctyl, etc.), branched-chain alkyl groups(e.g., isopropyl, tert-butyl, sec-butyl, isobutyl, etc.), andalkyl-substituted alkyl groups (e.g., alkyl-substituted cycloalkylgroups and cycloalkyl-substituted alkyl groups).

Unless otherwise specified, the term “alkyl” includes both“unsubstituted alkyls” and “substituted alkyls.” As used herein, theterm “substituted alkyls” refers to alkyl groups having substituentsreplacing one or more hydrogens on one or more carbons of thehydrocarbon backbone. Such substituents may include, for example,alkenyl, alkynyl, halogeno, hydroxyl, alkylcarbonyloxy, arylcarbonyloxy,alkoxycarbonyloxy, aryloxy, aryloxycarbonyloxy, carboxylate,alkylcarbonyl, arylcarbonyl, alkoxycarbonyl, aminocarbonyl,alkylaminocarbonyl, dialkylaminocarbonyl, alkylthiocarbonyl, alkoxyl,phosphate, phosphonato, phosphinato, cyano, amino (including alkylamino, dialkylamino, arylamino, diarylamino, and alkylarylamino),acylamino (including alkylcarbonylamino, arylcarbonylamino, carbamoyland ureido), imino, sulfhydryl, alkylthio, arylthio, thiocarboxylate,sulfates, alkylsulfinyl, sulfonates, sulfamoyl, sulfonamido, nitro,trifluoromethyl, cyano, azido, heterocyclic, alkylaryl, or aromatic(including heteroaromatic) groups. In some embodiments, substitutedalkyls can include a heterocyclic group. As used herein, the term“heterocyclic group” includes closed ring structures analogous tocarbocyclic groups in which one or more of the carbon atoms in the ringis an element other than carbon, for example, nitrogen, sulfur oroxygen. Heterocyclic groups may be saturated or unsaturated. Exemplaryheterocyclic groups include, but are not limited to, aziridine, ethyleneoxide (epoxides, oxiranes), thiirane (episulfides), dioxirane,azetidine, oxetane, thietane, dioxetane, dithietane, dithiete,azolidine, pyrrolidine, pyrroline, oxolane, dihydrofuran, and furan.

Differentiation of antimicrobial “-cidal” or “-static” activity, thedefinitions which describe the degree of efficacy, and the officiallaboratory protocols for measuring this efficacy are considerations forunderstanding the relevance of antimicrobial agents and compositions.Antimicrobial compositions can affect two kinds of microbial celldamage. The first is a lethal, irreversible action resulting in completemicrobial cell destruction or incapacitation. The second type of celldamage is reversible, such that if the organism is rendered free of theagent, it can again multiply. The former is termed bactericidal and thelater, bacteriostatic. A sanitizer and a disinfectant are, bydefinition, agents which provide antibacterial or bactericidal activity.In contrast, a preservative is generally described as an inhibitor orbacteriostatic composition.

The term “sanitizer,” as used herein, refers to an agent that reducesthe number of bacterial contaminants to safe levels as judged by publichealth requirements. The recitation of numerical ranges by endpointsincludes all numbers subsumed within that range (e.g., 1 to 5 includes1, 1.5, 2, 2.75, 3, 3.80, 4, and 5).

The terms “include” and “including” when used in reference to a list ofmaterials refer to but are not limited to the materials so listed.

Skin health can be improved by the addition of humectants ormoisturizers to leave-on antibacterial products. However, the level ofmoisturizer needed to improve skin health typically causes excessiveproduct build-up and stickiness which is unpleasant aesthetically to theuser, and can also lead to increased difficulty in applying gloves,reducing work efficiency. Both the stickiness and gloving issues mayresult in reduced product use by healthcare providers because thestickiness tends to make the worker feel their hands are “dirty” andneed to be washed and the reduced ability to glove impedes with theirwork flow.

When the level of skin health components in an alcohol-based sanitizeris not high enough, healthcare workers may experience extreme drying oftheir hands or in a worse case contact dermatitis, especially in lowhumidity climates or during the “dry” months of the year. Typical,basic/conventional hand sanitizers do not contain adequate amounts ofskin health promoting agents to improve skin health with repeated use.

There is limited data looking at low dose application of the skin healthcomponents such as niacinamide, ceramides, vitamin E, vitamin K, VitaminD, amino acids (including glycine and proline), applied multiple times aday to reach the same levels that are typically applied in one or twodoses in the published clinical studies which have demonstrated improvedhealth with these components. Since healthcare workers apply leave-onproducts (generally in the form of hand sanitizers) typically rangingfrom 20 to 100 applications a day, with periodic washes throughout theday, they do not fit into the model of one or two doses of higher activelevel per day. According to the invention, lower doses of skin healthmaterials applied multiple times a day (chronic) in the correct ratios,can have similar affects as higher dosing once or twice a day (acute).

While skin health is one side of the product acceptance equation, theother side is product feel. If the product is perceived as sticky,tacky, or has high levels of product build-up, the product will not bewell accepted by healthcare workers.

As indicated earlier, applicants have identified a critical skin benefitpackage that can be used in liquid alcohol sanitizing compositions thatprovides improved skin health with chronic repeated use. The packagealso provides improved skin feel with without a tacky residue upondrying.

The liquid alcohol sanitizing product may be in the form of a water thinliquid, gel, emulsion, or foam (aerosol or nonaerosol). In a preferredembodiment, the product is in the form of a non-aerosol foamingcleanser.

Compositions of the Invention

The compositions of the invention include a skin benefit package thathas a specific ratio of emollients, namely from about 3:1 to about 1:3of a high spreading oil to a medium spreading oil, which gives the bestskin feel without a sticky residue and a lower amount of skinconditioning agents (less than 3 wt. % total) which gives sufficientskin health due to the repeated chronic use of such compositions. Theskin benefit package may be added to traditional sanitizingcompositions, preferably those that are alcohol based. Thus thecomposition includes a sanitizing component preferably of a linear orbranched lower alcohol, such as a C₁₋₆ alcohol, or a mixture of two ormore such alcohols. The sanitizing component, is present in anefficacious amount, generally from about 40% to about 99%, by weight ofactive alcohol, preferably from about 50 to about 90 wt. %, and mostpreferably from about 60 to about 80 wt. %.

The liquid alcohol sanitizing product may be in the form of a water thinliquid, gel, emulsion, non-aerosol or aerosol foam. In a preferredembodiment, the product is in the form of a non-aerosol foam.

Alcohol

The sanitizing component can include an efficacious amount of a linearor branched lower alcohol. In some embodiments, the alcohol is a loweralkanol, i.e. an alcohol containing 1 to 6 carbon atoms. Typically,these alcohols have antimicrobial properties.

Examples of lower alkanols include, but are not limited to, methanol,ethanol, propanol, butanol, pentanol, hexanol, and isomers and mixturesthereof. In one embodiment, the alcohol comprises ethanol, propanol, orbutanol, or isomers or mixtures thereof. In another embodiment, thealcohol comprises ethanol.

Generally, the composition comprises a sanitizing component of alcoholof at least about 30 percent by weight. In certain embodiments, theantimicrobial composition comprises from about 40 weight percent toabout 99 weight percent alcohol, in other embodiments, the compositioncomprises from about 40 weight percent to about 95 weight percent ofalcohol, in yet other embodiments, the composition comprises from about60 weight percent to about 80 weight percent of alcohol, based upon thetotal weight of the antimicrobial composition.

Skin Benefit Package

The invention includes a skin benefit package to be used with thesanitizing alcohol. According to the invention, the skin benefit packageis employed which includes a specific combination of emollients basedupon their spreading characteristics as well as skin conditioners. Forthe purpose of the invention the feel-modifying emollients arecharacterized into three categories including high spreading, mediumspreading, and low spreading. Spreading value of emollients for purposesof the invention is determined by measuring the area covered by a fixedamount of oil over a fixed period of time and is related to acombination of viscosity, polarity, and molecular weight. The preferredmethod of measurement is that used by Cognis and measures mm² per 10minutes.

The high spreading emollients are present in an amount of from about 0to about 3 wt. %, preferably from about 0-about 2 wt. % and mostpreferably from about 0 to about 1 wt. %. Medium spreading emollientsare present in an amount of from about 0 to about 3 wt. %, preferablyfrom about 0-about 2 wt. % and most preferably from about 0 to about 1wt. %. Low spreading emollients are presents in an amount of from about0 to about 5 wt. %, preferably from about 0-about 4 wt. % and mostpreferably from about 0 to about 3 wt. %.

Applicants have found that the critical feature of the invention is thatthe ratio of about 3:1 to about 1:3 high spreading oil to mediumspreading oil gives the best skin feel without a sticky residue.

High Spreading Emollients

These include materials with spreading values of ≥1000 mm²/10 min. Thesematerials also may include polymers such as dimethyl siloxanes withviscosities less than 10 centistokes (cst). Examples of high spreadingoils include but are not limited to dicaprylyl carbonate, dibutyladipate, hexyl laurate, dicaprylyl ether, propylheptyl caprylate, 4-10centistoke silicone oil, D4, 5, or 6 cyclic siloxane, isocetylpalmitate, hydrogenated polyisobutene, and diethylhexylcarbonate.

Medium Spreading Emollients

These include materials with spreading values of ≥500 mm²/10 min and<1000 mm²/10 min. These materials also may include polymers such asdimethyl siloxanes with viscosities between 10 cst and 100 cst. Examplesof medium spreading oils include but are not limited to capric/caprylictriglyceride, C12-15 alkyl benzoate, capric triglyceride, caprylictriglyceride, isopropyl myristrate, isopropyl palmitate, octyldodecanol,decyl oleate, cocoglycerides, ethylhexyl stearate, ceterarylisononanoate, cetearyl ethyhexanonate, decyl cocoate, cetyl dimethicone,ethylhexyl palmitate, PPG-11 stearyl ether, PPG-15 stearyl ether,Dimethicone fluid (10-20 cst), and PPG-14 butyl ether.

Low Spreading Emollients

These include spreading values of <500 mm²/10 min and any material oilor waxy material with a melting point greater than 20° C. Thesematerials also may include polymers such as siloxanes with viscositiesgreater than 100 cst. Low spreading emollients include mono-, di-, andtri-glycerides and butters and hydrogenated versions of seed and nutoils including but not limited to; palm oil, coconut oil, vegetable oil,avocado oil, canola oil, corn oil, soy bean oil, sunflower oil,safflower oil, meadowfoam seed oil, bilberry seed oil, watermelon seedoil, olive oil, cranberry, macadamia nut oil, argan oil, pomegranateoil, argan moraccan oil, blue berry oil, raspberry oil, walnut oil,pecan oil, peanut oil, bayberry oil, mango seed oil, Marula oil, castoroil: Shea butter, jojoba oil, hydrolyzed jojoba oil, Carnauba butter,Carnauba wax, castor isostearate succinate stearyl heptanoate, cetylricinoleate, Oleyl frucate, sucrose monostearate, sucrose distearate,sucrose tristearate, sucrose tetrastearate, candela wax, soybean wax,Rapeseed wax, palm wax, bees wax, petrolatum, myristyl myristate, OleylErucate, squalane, stearyl alcohol, Cetearyl isononanoate,polyisobutene, glyceryl stearate, glyceryl distearate, cetyl alcohol,lanolin, lanolin ethoxylate, low molecular weight polyethylene waxes,lower molecular weight polypropylene waxes, PEG-30 glyceryl cocoate,PEG-80 Glyceryl cocoate, PEG-30 Glyceryl stearate, PEG-8 Ricinoleate,PEG-8 Raspberriate, Linear (otherwise known as bis) and Pendent versionsof including hydroxyl terminated and methyl ether terminated; PEG-3 toPEG-32 Dimethicone (including but not limited to: PEG-3 Dimethicone,PEG-8 Dimethicone, PEG-9 Dimethicone, PEG-10 Dimethicone, PEG-11 Methylether dimethicone, PEG-12 Dimethicone, PEG-14 Dimethicone, PEG-17Dimethicone, PEG-32 Dimethicone), bis-PEG/PPG-20/20 Dimethicone, PEG/PPG20/23 Dimethicone, PEG/PPG 20/22 Butyl Ether Dimethicone, PEG/PPG 23/6Dimethicone, PEG/PPG 20/15 Dimethicone.

Alkyl modified dimethicone (stearoxy dimethicone, behenoxy dimethicone,cetyl dimethicone, certeryl methicone C30-45 Alkyl cetearyl dimethiconecopolymer, C30-45 Alkyl dimethicone, caprylyl methicone, PEG-8dimethicone/dimer dilinoleic acid copolymer, Bis-PEG-10Dimethicone/Dimer Dilinoleate Copolymer, Stearoxymethicone/DimethiconeCopolymer, Dipheyl dimethicone, Lauryl polyglycerol-3polydimethylsiloxyethyl dimethicone, Lauryl PEG-9polydimethylsiloxyethyl dimethicone), Dimethicone fluid (>20 cst),quaternized ammonia silicone polymers, Amino silicones, siliconequaternium-18, Amodimethicone, phenyltrimethicone, amino siliconepolyethers, Polyglycerol-3 Disiloxane dimethicone, Polyglycerol-3polydimethylsiloxyethyl dimethicone, and PEG-9 polydimethylsiloxyethyldimethicone. Low spreading oils may be present in the composition, butthe critical feature is the ratio of high to medium spreading oils.

The ratio of high to medium spreading oils is from about 3:1 to about1:3 high spreading oil to medium spreading oil. This provides the besthealth benefits in a chronic application situation while also providinggood skin feel with no sticky residue.

Skin Conditioner

The composition can include at least one additional skin conditionersuch as vitamins, a humectant, an occlusive agent, or other moisturizerto provide skin moisturizing, skin softening, skin barrier maintenance,anti-irritation, or other skin health benefits. Some non-limitingexamples of additional skin conditioners include alkyl benzoate,myristyl myristate, cetyl myristate, gelatin, carboxylic acid, lsactocacid, glyceryl dioleate, methyl laurate, PPG-9 laurate, lauryl lacylateallantoin, octyl palmitate, lanolin, propylene glycol, butylene glycol,ethylene glycol, caprylyl glycol, monobutyl ether, glycerine, fattyacids, proline, natural oils such as almond, mineral, canola, sesame,soybean, pyrrolidine, wheat germ, hydrolyzed wheat protein, hydrolyzedoat protein, hydrolyzed collagen, corn, peanut and olive oil, isopropylmyristate, myristyl alcohol, aloe vera, algae extract, gluconic acid,hydrolyzed silk protein, 1,3-propane-diol, Vitamin E, nicatinamide,stearyl alcohol, isopropyl palmitate, sorbitol, amino acid complexes,panthenol, allantoin, Dihydroxypropyltrimonium Chloride, quaternizedhydrolyzed protein such as collagen, oat, wheat, etc . . . , inositol,fructose, sucrose, hydrolyzed plant proteins, seaweed extract,polyethylene glycol, ammonium lactate, sodium hyaluronate, and cyclicpeptides.

Some non-limiting examples of humectants include hydroxyethyl urea,agarose, urea, sodium PCA, arginine PCA, fructose, glucose, glutamicacid, glycerine, honey, lactose, maltose, polyethylene glycol, sorbitoland mixtures thereof.

Some non-limiting examples of occlusive agents include petrolatum, sheabutter, avocado oil, balm mint oil, cod liver oil, mineral oil,trimyristin, stearyl stearate, synthetic wax, or mixtures thereof. Somenon-limiting examples of other moisturizers include ethyl hexylglycerin,cholesterol, cystine, hyaluronic acid, keratin, lecithin, egg yolk,glycine, PPG-12, polyquaternium polymers such as polyquaternium-11,behentrimonium chloride, dihydroxypropyl PEG-5 linoleammonium chloride,glycerol oleate, PEG-7 glyceryl cocoate, cocoglucoside, PEG-200hydrogenated glyceryl palmate, panthenol, retinol, salicylic acid,vegetable oil, methyl gluceth-10, methyl gluceth-20, ethoxylatedderivatives of skin conditioners such as glycereth-26 and ethoxylatedshea butter, and mixtures thereof. Finally, some non-limiting examplesof anti-irritants include bisabolol and panthenol.

The skin conditioner component is present in lower amounts that seen intraditional commercial skin sanitizers. Applicants have found that dueto the chronic use of such sanitizers, lower amounts can be used withsimilar health benefits and less tacky residue. The skin conditioner orcombination thereof in total is present in the composition in an amountfrom about 0.01 wt. % to about 3 wt. %, preferably from about 0.05 wt. %to about 2 wt. %, and more preferably from about 0.1 wt. % to about 1wt. %. Each individual skin conditioner is present in an amount of nomore than 0.5 wt. % to facilitate the skin health for chronic use andbest feel characteristics.

Carrier

In some embodiments that composition is water free. In some embodimentsthere may be a carrier in the present composition, preferably water. Itshould be appreciated that the water may be provided as deionized wateror as softened water. The water provided as part of the concentrate canbe relatively free of hardness. It is expected that the water can bedeionized to remove a portion of the dissolved solids. That is, theconcentrate can be formulated with water that includes dissolved solids,and can be formulated with water that can be characterized as hardwater. The amount of water will vary based upon the particular form ofthe composition, water thin liquid, gel, emulsion, aerosol foam, ornon-aerosol foaming cleanser.

Additional Functional Ingredients

Additional functional ingredients may be used to improve theeffectiveness of the composition. Some non-limiting examples of suchadditional functional ingredients include skin feel improvers, skinconditioners, surfactants pH adjusting compound, preservatives,antioxidants, fragrances, dyes, and the like, as well as mixturesthereof.

Terpenoid

The composition may optionally include a terpenoid. Terpenoids aredefined as materials with molecular structures containing carbonbackbones made up of isoprene (2-methylbuta-1,3-diene) units. Isoprenecontains five carbon atoms and therefore, the number of carbon atoms inany terpenoid is a multiple of five. It is believed that terpenoidsassist in promoting the uptake of antimicrobial compounds andpreservatives by cells of bacteria and fungi, thereby increasing theefficacy of the antimicrobial compound or preservative. See U.S. Pat.No. 6,319,958 and DE 195 23 320 which are incorporated by reference intheir entirety. Some non-limiting examples of terpenoids includeα-terpinene, cineole, citral, citronellal, citronellol, farnesol,geraniol, limonene, linalool, methone, nerolidol, terpineol, camphene,menthone, myrcene, nerol, tetrayhydrogeraniol, tetrahydrolinalool,apritone, and bisabolol. The terpenoid is preferably farnesol,nerolidol, bisabolol, or apritone.

The terpenoid is preferably present in the composition in an amount fromabout 0 to about 1 wt. %, from about 0 to about 0.5 wt. %, and fromabout 0 to about 0.3 wt. %.

Chelating Agent

The composition may optionally include a chelating agent. Examples ofchelating agents include phosphonic acid and phosphonates, phosphates,aminocarboxylates and their derivatives, pyrophosphates, ethylenediamineand ethylenetriamine derivatives, hydroxyacids, and mono-, di-, andtri-carboxylates and their corresponding acids. Other chelating agentsinclude nitroloacetates and their derivatives, and mixtures thereof.Examples of aminocarboxylates include amino acetates and salts thereof.Suitable amino acetates include: N-hydroxyethylaminodiacetic acid;hydroxyethylenediaminetetraacetic acid; nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA);ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA);N-hydroxyethyl-ethylenediaminetriacetic acid (HEDTA); tetrasodiumethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA); diethylenetriaminepentaaceticacid (DTPA); and alanine-N,N-diacetic acid; n-hydroxyethyliminodiaceticacid; and the like; their alkali metal salts; and mixtures thereof.Suitable aminophosphates include nitrilotrismethylene phosphates andother aminophosphates with alkyl or alkaline groups with less than 8carbon atoms. Exemplary polycarboxylates iminodisuccinic acids (IDS),sodium polyacrylates, citric acid, gluconic acid, oxalic acid, saltsthereof, mixtures thereof, and the like. Additional polycarboxylatesinclude citric or citrate-type chelating agents, polymericpolycarboxylate, and acrylic or polyacrylic acid-type chelating agents.Additional chelating agents include polyaspartic acid or co-condensatesof aspartic acid with other amino acids, C₄-C₂₅-mono-or-dicarboxylicacids and C₄-C₂₅-mono-or-diamines. Exemplary polymeric polycarboxylatesinclude polyacrylic acid, maleic/olefin copolymer, acrylic/maleiccopolymer, polymethacrylic acid, acrylic acid-methacrylic acidcopolymers, hydrolyzed polyacrylamide, hydrolyzed polymethacrylamide,hydrolyzed polyamide-methacrylamide copolymers, hydrolyzedpolyacrylonitrile, hydrolyzed polymethacrylonitrile, hydrolyzedacrylonitrile-methacrylonitrile copolymers, and the like.

The chelating agent may be present in an amount from about 0 to about 5wt. %, from about 0 to about 3 wt. %, and from about 0 to about 1.5 wt.%.

Preservatives

The composition may optionally include a preservative. Generally,preservatives fall into specific classes including phenolics, halogencompounds, quaternary ammonium compounds, metal derivatives, amines,alkanolamines, nitro derivatives, biguanides, analides, organosulfur andsulfur-nitrogen compounds, alkyl parabens, and miscellaneous compounds.Some non-limiting examples of phenolic antimicrobial agents includepentachlorophenol, orthophenylphenol, chloroxylenol, p-chloro-m-cresol,p-chlorophenol, chlorothymol, m-cresol, o-cresol, p-cresol, isopropylcresols, mixed cresols, phenoxyethanol, phenoxyethylparaben,phenoxyisopropanol, phenyl paraben, resorcinol, and derivatives thereof.Some non-limiting examples of halogen compounds include trichlorohydroxydiphenyl ether (Triclosan), sodium trichloroisocyanurate, sodiumdichloroisocyanurate, iodine-poly(vinylpyrolidin-onen) complexes, andbromine compounds such as 2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol, andderivatives thereof. Some non-limiting examples of quaternary ammoniumcompounds include benzalkonium chloride, benzethonium chloride,behentrimonium chloride, cetrimonium chloride, and derivatives thereof.Some non-limiting examples of amines and nitro containing compoundsinclude hexahydro-1,3,5-tris(2-hydroxyethyl)-s-triazine,dithiocarbamates such as sodium dimethyldithiocarbamate, and derivativesthereof. Some non-limiting examples of biguanides includepolyaminopropyl biguanide and chlorhexidine gluconate. Some non-limitingexamples of alkyl parabens include methyl, ethyl, propyl and butylparabens.

The preservative is preferably present in the composition in an amountfrom about 0 to about 3 wt. %, from about 0.1 to about 2 wt. %, and fromabout 0.2 to about 1 wt. %.

Thickener

The composition may optionally include a thickener. Exemplary thickenersinclude (1) cellulosic thickeners and their derivatives, (2) naturalgums, (3) starches, (4) stearates, and (5) fatty acid alcohols, (6)acrylic acid polymers and crosspolymers (example “carbomer”, (7)Aristoflex AVC (need generic category name0 Some non-limiting examplesof cellulosic thickeners include carboxymethyl hydroxyethylcellulose,cellulose, hydroxybutyl methylcellulose, hydroxyethylcellulose,hydroxypropylcellulose, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, methylcellulose,microcrystalline cellulose, sodium cellulose sulfate, and the like. Somenon-limiting examples of natural gums include acacia, calciumcarrageenan, guar, gelatin, guar gum, hydroxypropyl guar, karaya gum,kelp, locust bean gum, pectin, sodium carrageenan, tragacanth gum,xanthan gum, and the like. Some non-limiting examples of starchesinclude oat flour, potato starch, wheat flour, wheat starch, and thelike. Some non-limiting examples of stearates include PEG-150distearate, methoxy PEG-22/dodecyl glycol copolymer, and the like. Somenon-limiting examples of fatty acid alcohols include caprylic alcohol,cetearyl alcohol, lauryl alcohol, oleyl alcohol, palm kernel alcohol,and the like.

The amount of thickener in the composition depends on the desiredviscosity of the composition. The composition preferably has a viscositylow enough to pump through a foamer such as an Airspray foamer and allowfoaming.

Surfactant PEG-8 to PEG-12 Linear Dimethicone Surfactants

In non-aerosol foaming embodiments, the composition can include a PEG-8to PEG-12 linear dimethicone surfactants, and in particular PEG-10linear dimethicone surfactant, are more effective at generating andstabilizing foam in alcohol compositions than dimethicone surfactantswith the same PEG chain length but a different polymer architecture.

More particularly it has been discovered that linear block copolymers ofPEG with polydimethylsiloxane (specifically with INCI names of PEG-8dimethicone, PEG-10 dimethicone, and PEG-12 dimethicone) can produce asufficient foam height to be used as the primary foaming component of anon-aerosol foaming alcohol compositions, which is not the case forcopolymers with the same INCI names but different polymer architectures.For example, polymers with pendant PEG groups or other highly branchedpolymer structures, will not produce sufficient foam to be used as aprimary foaming surfactant. In the case of PEG dimethicone copolymers,linear block copolymers refer to when polyethylene glycol chain unitsare attached to the terminal ends of the linear polydimethylsiloxanebackbone:

where R═CH₃ or CH₂CH₃, m=4-20 on average, y=1-5 and n=8-12 on average.

Pendant copolymers refer to linear polydimethylsiloxane polymers withPEG groups attached along the polydimethylsiloxane backbone and may ormay not be attached to the terminal chain ends of thepolydimethylsiloxane. Such pendant copolymers are often referred to ashaving a comb or comb-like structure such as:

where R is independently=CH₃, CH₂CH₃, or an ethoxylated alkyl chain (forexample CH₂CH₂CH₂O(CH₂CH₂O)_(n)H) attached directly to the silicone endgroup and a=a repeating silicone group.

Some examples of commercially available PEG-8 to PEG-12 lineardimethicone surfactants include Silsoft 810 (PEG-8) and Silsoft 870(PEG-12) from Momentive Performance Materials, and Silsurf DI-1010(PEG-10) from Siltech. In some embodiments, the dimethicone surfactantis preferably a PEG-10 linear dimethicone surfactant.

The dimethicone surfactant can be present in the alcohol compositionfrom about 0.5 to about 10 wt. %, from about 1.0 to about 7 wt. % andfrom about 2 to about 5 wt. %.

Other Surfactants

The composition may optionally contain a surfactant or surfactantmixture. These can be selected from water soluble or water dispersiblenonionic, semi-polar nonionic, anionic, cationic, amphoteric, orzwitterionic surface-active agents; or any combination thereof. Theparticular surfactant or surfactant mixture chosen for use in theprocess and products of this invention can depend on the conditions offinal utility, including method of manufacture, physical product form,use pH, and the like.

A typical listing of the classes and species of surfactants usefulherein appears in U.S. Pat. No. 3,664,961 issued May 23, 1972, toNorris. The disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference.Additional surfactants, if present may be in the amount of from 0.5 toabout 10 wt. %, from about 1.0 to about 7 wt. % and from about 2 toabout 5 wt. %.

Skin Feel Improver

The composition may optionally include a skin feel improver forenhancing the “feel” of the composition on a user's skin or hands. Forexample, it may be undesirable for a composition to have a scaly orgritty texture when applied to a user's skin or after the multipleapplications of the composition. Some non-limiting examples of skin feelimprovers include silicone copolymers such as amodimethicone,cyclomethicone, bis-PEG/PPG-20/20 dimethicone, andstearoxytrimethylsilane, naturally occurring or synthetic fatty acidesters or ethers, and polyalkylene glycols.

If a skin feel improver is included, it is preferably present in thecomposition in an amount from about 0.001 to about 5 wt. %, from about0.01 to about 3 wt. %, and from about 0.1 to about 2 wt. %.

pH-Adjusting Compound

Sanitizer compositions of the present invention have a pH of about 4.0to about 8. Within this pH range, the present compositions effectivelyreduce microbial populations, and are consumer acceptable, i.e., aremild to the skin, are phase stable, and generate copious, stable foam.In some instances a pH adjusting compound may be necessary in asufficient amount to provide a desired composition pH. To achieve thefull advantage of the present invention, the pH-adjusting compound ispresent in an amount of about 0.05% to about 3.5%, by weight.

Examples of basic pH-adjusting compounds include, but are not limitedto, ammonia; mono-, di-, and trialkyl amines; mono-, di-, andtrialkanolamines; alkali metal and alkaline earth metal hydroxides;alkali metal phosphates; alkali sulfates; alkali metal carbonates; andmixtures thereof. However, the identity of the basic pH adjuster is notlimited, and any basic pH-adjusting compound known in the art can beused. Specific, nonlimiting examples of basic pH-adjusting compounds areammonia; sodium, potassium, and lithium hydroxide; sodium and potassiumphosphates, including hydrogen and dihydrogen phosphates; sodium andpotassium carbonate and bicarbonate; sodium and potassium sulfate andbisulfate; monoethanolamine; trimethylamine; isopropanolamine;diethanolamine; and triethanolamine.

The identity of an acidic pH-adjusting compound is not limited and anyacidic pH-adjusting compound known in the art, alone or in combination,can be used. Examples of specific acidic pH-adjusting compounds are themineral acids and polycarboxylic acids. Nonlimiting examples of mineralacids are hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, phosphoric acid, and sulfuricacid. Nonlimiting examples of polycarboxylic acids are citric acid,glycolic acid, and lactic acid.

Antioxidant

The composition may optionally include an antioxidant for improved skincondition through the removal of free radicals, and improved productstability. Some non-limiting examples of antioxidants include retinoland retinol derivatives, ascorbic acid and ascorbic acid derivatives,BHA, BHT, betacarotene, cysteine, erythorbic acid, hydroquinone,tocopherol and tocopherol derivatives, and the like.

If an antioxidant is included, it is preferably present in thecomposition in an amount from about 0.001 to about 2 wt. %, from about0.01 to about 1 wt. %, and from about 0.05 to about 0.5 wt. %.

Fragrance

The composition may optionally include a fragrance. Examples of possiblefragrances include natural oils or naturally derived materials, andsynthetic fragrances such as hydrocarbons, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones,esters, lactones, ethers, nitriles, and polyfunctionals. Non-limitingexamples of natural oils include the following: basil (Ocimum basilicum)oil, bay (Pimento acris) oil, bee balm (Monarda didyma) oil, bergamot(Citrus aurantium bergamia) oil, cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum) oil,cedarwood (Cedrus atlantica) oil, chamomile (Anthemis nobilis) oil,cinnamon (Cinnamomum cassia) oil, citronella (Cymbopogon nardus) oil,clary (Salvia sclarea) oil, clove (Eugenia caryophyllus) oil, cloveleaf(Eufenia caryophyllus) oil, Cyperus esculentus oil, cypress (Cupressussempervirens) oil, Eucalyptus citriodora oil, geranium maculatum oil,ginger (Zingiber officinale) oil, grapefruit (Citrus grandis) oil, hazel(Corylus avellana) nut oil, jasmine (Jasminum officinale) oil, Juniperuscommunis oil, Juniperus oxycedrus tar, Juniperus virginiana oil, kiwi(Actinidia chinensis) water, lavandin (Lavandula hybrida) oil, lavender(Lavandula angustifolia) oil, lavender (Lavandula angustifolia) water,lemon (Citrus medica limonum) oil, lemongrass (Cymbopogon schoenanthus)oil, lime (Citrus aurantifolia) oil, linden (Tilia cordata) oil, linden(Tilia cordata) water, mandarin orange (Citrus nobilis) oil, nutmeg(Myristica fragrans) oil, orange (Citrus aurantium dulcis) flower oil,orange (Citrus aurantium dulcis) oil, orange (Citrus aurantium dulcis)water, patchouli (Pogostemon cablin) oil, peppermint (Menthe piperita)oil, peppermint (Menthe peperita) water, rosemary (Rosmarinusofficinalis) oil, rose oil, rose (Rosa damascena) extract, rose (Rosamultiflora) extract, rosewood (Aniba rosaeodora) extract, sage (Salviaofficinalis) oil, sandalwood (Santalum album) oil, spearmint (Mentheviridis) oil, tea tree (Melaleuca alternifolia) oil, and ylang ylang(Cananga odorata) oil. Some non-limiting examples of synthetichydrocarbon fragrances include caryophyllene, β-farnesene, limonene,α-pinene, and β-pinene. Some non-limiting examples of synthetic alcoholfragrances include bacdanol, citronellol, linalool, phenethyl alcohol,and α-terpineol (R═H). Some non-limiting examples of synthetic aldehydefragrances include 2-methyl undecanal, citral, hexyl cinnamic aldehyde,isocycolcitral, lilial, and 10-undecenal. Some non-limiting examples ofsynthetic ketone fragrances include cashmeran, α-ionone, isocyclemone E,koavone, muscone, and tonalide. Some non-limiting examples of syntheticester fragrances include benzyl acetate, 4-t-butylcyclohexyl acetate(cis and trans), cedryl acetate, cyclacet, isobomyl acetate, andα-terpinyl acetate (R=acetyl). Some non-limiting examples of syntheticlactone fragrances include coumarin, jasmine lactone, muskalactone, andpeach aldehyde. Some non-limiting examples of synthetic ether fragrancesinclude ambroxan, anther, and galaxolide. Some non-limiting examples ofsynthetic nitrile fragrances include cinnamonitrile and gernonitrile.Finally, some non-limiting examples of synthetic polyfunctionalfragrances include amyl salicylate, isoeugenol, hedione, heliotropine,lyral, and vanillin.

The composition may include a mixture of fragrances including a mixtureof natural and synthetic fragrances. The fragrance can be present in acomposition in an amount up to about 5 wt. %, preferably from 0 to about3 wt. %, from about 0 to about 1 wt. %, and from about 0 to about 0.2wt. %.

Dye

The composition may optionally include a dye. Examples of dyes includeany water soluble or product soluble dye, any FD&C or D&C approved dye.

Form of the Compositions

The compositions of the invention may be provided as a water thinliquid, structured liquid or emulsion. The composition is preferablyprovided as a ready to use composition, meaning that the composition isprovided in a way that can be applied without needing to dilute itfirst.

Methods of Making the Compositions

The compositions of to the invention are easily produced by any of anumber of known art techniques. Conveniently, a part of the water issupplied to a suitable mixing vessel further provided with a stirrer oragitator, and while stirring, the remaining constituents are added tothe mixing vessel, including any final amount of water needed to provideto 100% wt. of the inventive composition.

The compositions may be packaged in any suitable container particularlyflasks or bottles, including squeeze-type or pump bottles, as well asbottles provided with a spray apparatus (e.g. trigger spray) which isused to dispense the composition by spraying. The selected packaging mayhave a pump head foamer. Examples of commercially available pump headfoamers include the F2 foamer from Rexam PLC (London, England, formerlyAirspray), and the RF-17 Palm Foamer from Rieke Corporation (Auburn,Ind.). Accordingly the compositions are desirably provided as a ready touse product in a manually operated dispensing container.

The composition may be provided in various packaging sizes. Examples ofpackaging sizes include 1.5 oz, 500 ml and 1 liter bottles.

Whereas the compositions of the present invention are intended to beused in the types of liquid forms described, nothing in thisspecification shall be understood as to limit the use of the compositionaccording to the invention with a further amount of water to form asolution there from. Conversely, nothing in the specification shall bealso understood to limit the forming of a “super-concentrated”composition based upon the composition described above Such asuper-concentrated ingredient composition is essentially the same as thecompositions described above except in that they include a lesser amountof water.

Methods Employing the Sanitizing Compositions

The invention includes a method for reducing the population of amicroorganism on skin, a method for treating a disease of skin, and thelike. These methods can operate by contacting the body with acomposition of the invention. Contacting can include any of numerousmethods for applying a composition of the invention, such as sprayingthe compositions, immersing, foam or gel treating the skin with thecomposition, or a combination thereof.

The compositions of the invention can be included in any skinapplication products such, sanitizers, deodorizers, antiseptics,fungicides, germicides, virucides, waterless hand sanitizers, and pre-or post-surgical scrubs, preoperative skin preps.

The present invention will now be further illustrated by way of thefollowing non-limiting examples.

EXAMPLES

The foregoing summary, detailed description, and examples provide asound basis for understanding the invention, and some specific exampleembodiments of the invention. Since the invention can comprise a varietyof embodiments, the above information is not intended to be limiting.The invention resides in the claims.

Formula Comparisons (used in Panel and Clinical Testing)

Test Product Material A NTF-1 NTF-2 Ethanol, SDA 40B 73.0 73.0 73.0VITAMIN E 0.10 0.10 0.10 ACETATE (COND) Lactic acid (COND) 0.05 0.05Gluconic Acid 50% 0.10 (COND) Bisabolol (COND) 0.10 0.10 0.10 Glycerine99.5%, USP 0.30 0.30 0.10 (COND) Nicotinamide (COND) 0.20 0.20 0.20Glycine USP (COND) 0.17 0.10 0.10 Proline (COND) 0.10 0.10Ethylhexylglycerin 0.40 0.40 0.40 (MED) C12-15 alkyl benzoate 0.20 0.200.20 (MED) Dicaprylyl Carbonate 0.10 0.10 0.10 DRM (HIGH) 2-propylheptyl0.10 0.10 0.10 Caprylate (HIGH) PEG 10 Dimethicone 2.40 2.40 2.40 (LOW)Potassium Hydroxide, 0.017 0.03 0.03 45% USP Purified Water 22.81 22.8223.02 RT solubility S S S Freeze/Thaw S S S

Market Leading Nourishing Foam

Active Ingredient

Ethyl Alcohol 70% v/v

Inactive Ingredients

Water (Aqua), Isopropyl Alcohol, Glycerin, PEG-12 Dimethicone, CaprylylGlycol, Hydroxyethyl Urea, Isopropyl Myristate, Tocopheryl Acetate

Low Spreading Oil: PEG-12 Dimethicone

Medium Spreading Oil: Isopropyl Myristate

High Spreading Oil: None

Example 1 Product Feel and Gloving

Healthcare workers were recruited to participate in the study, therewere 45 total participants.

Products:

TEST PRODUCT A

MLNF=Market Leading Nourishing Foam

Testing Procedure:

-   -   1. The participants washed their hand with a bland hand soap and        then thoroughly dried their hands with a paper towel.    -   2. Participants then took one application of product from a        touch free dispenser (˜0.7 mL) and rubbed their hands together        until dry.    -   3. Participants then recorded their observations on product feel        during application and after feel.    -   4. Two additional product applications were made ensure that the        participant's hands were dry between applications.    -   5. Following the third product application, the participants        applied a nitrile glove to their non-writing hand.    -   6. Once gloving was complete the participants recorded the ease        of gloving on a 7 point scale and rated the product for overall        product acceptance on a 9 point scale.    -   7. Upon completing evaluation of the first product the        participants washed and dried their hands with the bland hand        soap.    -   8. Steps 2 through 6 were then repeated for the second product.    -   9. Product order was randomized for the group of participants.        The results for overall acceptance were subjected to statistical        analysis with a general linear model. Grouping Information Using        Tukey Method and 95.0% Confidence. Table 1 shows a summary:

TABLE 1 Product N Mean Grouping Test Product A 45 7.1 A MLNF 45 6.0 BMeans that do not share a letter are significantly different.The results are depicted graphically in FIG. 1. There was astatistically significant increase in overall product acceptance for theproduct of the invention.

Next gloving results were subjected to a General Linear Model: Glovingversus Participant, Product numb, Order. Grouping Information UsingTukey Method and 95.0% Confidence. A summary of the results are depictedin Table 2.

TABLE 2 Product N Mean Grouping Test Product A 44 6.1 A MLNF 45 5.2 BMeans that do not share a letter are significantly different.The results are shown graphically in FIG. 2. From the results again, onecan see that the composition of the invention resulted in statisticallysignificantly easier gloving that the commercially available product.

Example 2 Forearm Controlled Application Test

Initial Test subjects: 45

Products:

Nourishing Test Formula 1 (NTF 1)

Nourishing Test Formula 2 (NTF 2)

MLNF=Market Leading Nourishing Foam

Treatments:

Untreated Skin

Nourishing Test formula 1 (NTF 1)

Nourishing test formula 2 (NTF 2)

Market Leading Nourishing Foam

Testing Methods:

Corneometer (skin moisture)

Visual dryness (graded by an expert grader using magnification and a 5point scale)

Tewa meter (Trans Epidermal Water Loss)

Procedure:

Sites were selected on the forearm of each test subject and 1.25″circles were marked. The product application to the site was randomizedat the beginning of the study. Baseline readings were made prior toproduct application.

-   -   1. Product was applied to the appropriate position on the        forearm twice a day. A minimum of three hours was maintained        between treatments with one site left untreated.    -   2. The two applications a day was conducted for four continuous        days.    -   3. On the fifth day a single application was made.    -   4. Once a minimum of three hours had passed following the single        application on the fifth day, the final readings were made.

Use of Test Product #1, 62% (w/w) Ethanol, was not statisticallydifferent from the untreated control in terms of erythema, dryness, skinmoisture content, or transepidermal water loss.

Use of Test Product #2, 62% (w/w) Ethanol, was not statisticallydifferent from the untreated control in terms of erythema, dryness, orskin moisture content, but was statistically different from the controlin terms of transepidermal water loss.

Results were subjected to statistical analysis General Linear Model:vis-dry versus test material, subject. Grouping Information Using TukeyMethod and 95.0% Confidence. A summary of the results is shown in table3.

TABLE 3 test material N Mean Grouping NTF 2 46 0.1 A Untreated Control47 0.0 A NTF 1 47 0.0 A MLNF 47 −0.1 AMeans that do not share a letter are significantly different. None ofthe composition had statistically different change in visual dryness.The results are depicted graphically in FIG. 3.

Next the results for visual redness were subjected of statisticalanalysis. General Linear Model: vis erythema versus test material,subject.

Grouping Information Using Tukey Method and 95.0% Confidence. A summaryof the results are shown in Table 4.

TABLE 4 test material N Mean Grouping Untreated Control 47 0.2 A NTF 147 0.1 A MLNF 47 0.1 A NTF 2 47 0.1 AMeans that do not share a letter are significantly different.

The results are depicted graphically in FIG. 4. Here again all of theproducts were statistically similar despite the fact that thecompositions of the invention had less skin conditioning components.

Next the results of the corneometer test were subjected to statisticalanalysis. General Linear Model: Corneometer versus subject_1, treatment.Grouping Information Using Tukey Method and 95.0% Confidence. Theresults are shown in Table 5.

TABLE 5 Treatment N Mean Grouping MLNF 47 8.1 A NTF 2 47 1.1 B UntreatedSkin 47 0.5 B NTF 1 47 −0.3 BMeans that do not share a letter are significantly different. One cansee the composition of the invention had similar moisture readings tountreated skin while the commercially available product hadstatistically significant changing in skin moisture as measured by thecorneometer. The results are shown graphically in FIG. 5.

Next the transepidermal water loss was measured and the results weresubjected to statistical evaluation. One-way ANOVA: TEWL versustreatment, Grouping Information Using Tukey Method. The results areshown in Table 6.

TABLE 6 treatment N Mean Grouping NTF-1 47 3.174 A NTF-2 47 2.628 A BUntreated Skin 46 1.489 B C MLNF 47 1.255 CMeans that do not share a letter are significantly different.Tukey 95% Simultaneous Confidence IntervalsAll Pairwise Comparisons among Levels of treatmentIndividual confidence level=98.98%The results are shown graphically in FIG. 6. Both compositions of theinvention were statistically significantly different than the commercialnourishing formula.

Example 3 Leg Controlled Application Test

Initial Test subjects: 38

Products:

Test Product A (Test product, SNF)

Market Leading Foam Sanitizer, MLFS

Antibacterial Foaming Hand Soap (AB Soap)

Treatments:

Untreated Skin

AB Soap and water three times per day

MLFS 30 times per day with 3 AB Soap and water washes

SNF 30 times per day with 3 AB Soap and water washes

Testing Methods:

Corneometer (skin moisture)

Visual dryness (graded by an expert grader using magnification and a 5point scale)

Procedure:

Subjects were selected for the study by having mildly dry skin asdetermined by an expert grader. Two sites on the back of each leg weremarked. The product application to the site was randomized at thebeginning of the study. Baseline readings were made prior to productapplication.

-   -   1. Wash three sites with AB Soap and water, leave one site        untreated.    -   2. Apply 10 applications of product (either MLFS or SNF to their        respective sites).    -   3. Wash the three sites again with AB Soap and water.    -   4. Apply 10 more applications of product.    -   5. Wash the three sites again with AB Soap and Water.    -   6. Apply 10 more applications of product.        Measurements and observations were made after five days of        testing; the subjects then went two day without product        application. The process was repeated for a total of three        consecutive weeks (15 days of product application total).

Visual Dryness

FIG. 7 is a graph of the results of the leg controlled application testshowing visual dryness. One can see that the product of the inventioneven at 30 times a day washing was most similar to untreated skin whileboth commercial sanitizers showed great change in dryness.

No statistical difference was observed between the untreated skin andSNF over the three weeks of the study. Both Untreated skin and SNF hadstatistically significant lower change from baseline visual dryness thanboth AB Soap and MLFS over all three weeks of the study.

Corneometer (Skin Moisture by Capacitance)

FIG. 8 is a graph of the results of the leg controlled application testshowing dryness measured with a corneometer (skin moisture bycapacitance). Here again the results show that the composition of theinvention demonstrated higher moisture content than skin treated witheither of the commercial compositions.

Example 4

Participants: 27

TGS-A and TGS-B were test products and TEST PRODUCT B is an inline handsanitizer. Competitive Alcohol Gel B and Market Leading Competitive GelA were competitive products. Participants tested two products per visit.Products were compared in a paired comparison test with the orderrandomized. All combinations were tested in a complete block design.Mini-Tab was used to calculate statistical significance.Procedure:

-   -   1. Wash hands with the plain soap provided, then dry hands        thoroughly with paper towels.    -   2. Apply one dose of product from the indicated bottle to your        hand and observe the gel quality.    -   3. Rub product into your hands until your hands are dry.    -   4. Repeat application of the product for a total of five (be        sure to mark the appropriate row for question 5 after each        product application is dry, and let the assistant know if at any        point you feel the need to wash your hands (after any        application is dry, question 6).    -   5. After the fifth application is dry, put on a glove and answer        question 18 on ease of gloving.    -   6. Answer the remaining questions (up to question 19-21) on the        product evaluation questionnaire.    -   7. Repeat the procedure to evaluate the next product.        Question asked about gloving:

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 No Slight Moderate Heavy Extreme Resistance ResistanceResistance Resistance ResistanceResults:

Market Leading TEST Competitive Competitive PRODUCT TGS-A TGS-B Gel AGel B B Ease of 1.40 A 1.43 A 2.39 B 2.32 B 2.31 B GlovingResults that share a letter are not statistically significantlydifferent. Results that do not share a letter are statisticallysignificantly different.

Example 5

Participants: 36

TEST PRODUCT C was the test product and TEST PRODUCT B is an inline handsanitizer. Purell Advanced Instant Hand Sanitizer was the market leadingcompetitive product. Participants tested two products per test. Twotests were conducted in one day. Products were compared in a pairedcomparison test with the order randomized. Mini-Tab was used tocalculate statistical significance.Comparison's made:TEST PRODUCT C vs. TEST PRODUCT BTEST PRODUCT C vs. Market Leading Competitive Gel AProcedure:

-   -   1. Wash hands with the plain soap provided, then dry hands        thoroughly with paper towels.    -   2. Apply one dose of product from the indicated bottle to your        hand and observe the gel quality.    -   3. Rub product into your hands until your hands are dry.    -   4. Repeat application of the product for a total of three        applications. Answer appropriate questions.    -   5. After the third application is dry, put on a glove and answer        the question on ease of gloving.    -   6. Answer the remaining questions on the product evaluation        questionnaire.    -   7. Repeat the procedure to evaluate the next product.        Question asked in the trial: Please rate the ease of putting on        the glove (not at all easy=1, extremely easy=7).

Ease of Gloving

Market TEST Leading TEST PRODUCT Competitive PRODUCT C Gel A B ProductPair 1 6.083 A 4.556 B Product Pair 2 6.000 A 4.750 BMeans that do not share a letter are significantly different.

Gel Formulas

Test T Test TGS- TGS- Product Product Oil type Ingredient A B C B water17.12 16.72 16.940 22.4365 acrylates/c10-30 alkyl 0.23 0.23 0.27 0.365acrylate crosspolymer high Dimethicone (6cst) 0.25 0.25 0.25 spreadinglow PEG-32 Methyl ether 0.25 0.25 spreading dimeticone medium c12-15alkyl benzoate 0.25 0.25 0.25 spreading low Cetearyl Methicone 0.25 0.250.27 spreading ethylhexyl glycerin 0.25 0.25 0.25 ethanol (SD40A) 81.0081.00 81.00 73.00 vitamin E 0.15 0.15 0.10 Glycerin 0.3 0.30 0.5 highDicaprylyl Carbonate 0.1 0.10 spreading Tetrahydroxypropyl 0.25 0.250.27 0.425 ethylenediamine ALOE VERA Gel, 0.0025 dehydr Titanium Dioxide0.01 medium Isopropyl Palmitate 0.25 spreading high Cyclomethicone 0.5spreading low Polydimethyl Siloxane 0.05 spreading Emulsion >90% VITAMINE 0.05 ACETATE liq, Cosmet. low Meadow foam Seed 0.4 spreading OilD-Panthenol 75W 0.001 low Cetyl Alcohol 0.25 1 spreading lowPolyethylene Glycol 1 spreading 1450 Fragrance A 0.005 Fragrance B 0.005Fragrance C 0.0075In Line ProductLow Spreading Oil: Meadow foam seed oil, polyethylene glycol 1450, cetylalcohol, and polydimethyl siloxane emulsion (2.45% w/w)Medium Spreading Oil: Isopropyl palmitate (0.25% w/w total)High Spreading Oil: Cyclomethicone (0.5% w/w total)

Market Leading Competitive Gel A

Active ingredient Purpose Ethyl alcohol 70% AntimicrobialInactive ingredients: Water (Aqua), Isopropyl Alcohol, Caprylyl Glycol,Glycerin, Isopropyl Myristate, Tocopheryl Acetate, Acrylates/C10-30Alkyl Acrylate Crosspolymer, Aminomethyl Propanol, Fragrance (Parfum)Low Spreading Oil: NoneMedium Spreading Oil: Isopropyl MyristateHigh Spreading Oil: None

Competitive Gel B

Active Ingredient

Ethyl alcohol 85%

Inactive Ingredients

Acrylates/C10-30 Alkyl Acrylate Crosspolymer, Bisabolol, Cyclomethicone,Glycerin, Isohexadecane, Myristyl Alcohol, PVP, TetrahydroxypropylEthylenediamine, Water

Low Spreading Oil: Myristyl Alcohol

Medium Spreading Oil: None

High Spreading Oil: Cyclomethicone, Isohexadecane

Example 6

Participants: 30

NTF-2, NTF-1, Market Leading Nourishing Foam (MLNF) were compared in acomplete block design. Products were tested as pairs and the one pairwas tested per day.

-   -   1. Wash your hands with the provided mild soap.    -   2. Apply one dose of product from the touch free dispenser to        your hand and observe foam quality.    -   3. Rub product into your hands until your hands are dry.    -   4. Repeat applications for a total of five (be sure to mark the        appropriate row for questions one and two after each product        application is dry).    -   5. After the fifth application put on a pair of gloves provided        and record the difficulty of putting on the gloves.    -   6. Answer all of the remaining questions on the product        evaluation questionnaire.    -   7. Wash hands with the mild soap and dry well.    -   8. Repeat steps 4 through 11.        Gloving Question:

Please rate your ability to put gloves on your hands after 5applications of the product (Circle one).

No Resistance Slight Resistance Moderate Resistance Difficult Noresistance = 1, difficult = 4

General Linear Model: Gloving Versus Subject Numb, Product Name

Grouping Information Using Tukey Method and 95.0% Confidence

product name N Mean Grouping MLNF 60 2.4 A NTF-2 61 1.3 B NTF-1 61 1.3 BMeans that do not share a letter are significantly different.

What is claimed is:
 1. A method for use of a liquid skin sanitizingcomposition comprising: applying said liquid skin sanitizer to the skin,wherein said liquid skin sanitizer comprises: a skin conditioners; amedium spreading emollient; a high spreading emollient; a linear orbranched C1 to C6 alcohol; and water, wherein said ratio of highspreading emollient to medium spreading emollient is from about 3 toabout 1 to about 1 to about 3 by weight to give a good skin feel; andallowing said liquid skin sanitizer to dry.
 2. The method of claim 1wherein said C1 to C6 alcohol is in an amount of from about 50 wt. % toabout 90 wt. % of said composition.
 3. The method of claim 1, whereinsaid one or more skin conditioners total no more than about 3 wt. % ofsaid composition.
 4. The method of claim 1, wherein said one or moreskin conditioners total no more than about 2 wt. % of said composition.5. The method of claim 1, wherein said one or more skin conditionerstotal no more than about 1 wt. % of said composition.
 6. The method ofclaim 1 wherein each conditioner is present in an amount of no more than1 wt. % of said composition.
 7. The method of claim 1 wherein eachconditioner is present in an amount of no more than 0.8 wt. % of saidcomposition.
 8. The method of claim 1 wherein each conditioner ispresent in an amount of no more than 0.5 wt. % of said composition. 9.The method of claim 1 wherein said ratio of high spreading emollient tomedium spreading emollient is about 1:3.
 10. The method of claim 1wherein said medium spreading emollient includes one or more of:capric/caprylic triglyceride, C12-15 alkyl benzoate, caprictriglyceride, caprylic triglyceride, isopropyl myristrate, isopropylpalmitate, octyldodecanol, decyl oleate, cocoglycerides, ethylhexylstearate, ceteraryl isononanoate, cetearyl ethyhexanonate, decylcocoate, cetyl dimethicone, ethylhexyl palmitate, PPG-11 stearyl ether,PPG-15 stearyl ether, Dimethicone fluid (10-20cst), and PPG-14 butylether.
 11. The method of claim 1 wherein said high spreading emollientincludes one or more of dicaprylyl carbonate, dibutyl adipate, hexyllaurate, dicaprylyl ether, propylheptyl caprylate, 4-10 centistokesilicone oil, D4, 5, or 6 cyclic siloxane, isocetyl palmitate,hydrogenated polyisobutene, and diethylhexylcarbonate.
 12. The method ofclaim 1 wherein said liquid skin sanitizer is in the form of a waterthin liquid, a gel, an emulsion, or an aerosol foam.
 13. The method ofclaim 1, wherein said steps of applying and drying are repeated fromabout 20 to 100 times a day.
 14. The method of claim 1 wherein said skindoes not feel sticky or tacky upon drying.
 15. The method of claim 1wherein said dry skin is easily gloved.
 16. The method of claim 13wherein said sanitized skin has improved health and moisture compared tonon-treated skin that is sanitized from about 20 to 100 times a day. 17.The method of claim 1 wherein said skin conditioner is one or more ofthe following: alkyl benzoate, myristyl myristate, cetyl myristate,gelatin, carboxylic acid, lsactoc acid, glyceryl dioleate, methyllaurate, PPG-9 laurate, lauryl lacylate, allantoin, octyl palmitate,lanolin, propylene glycol, butylene glycol, ethylene glycol, capryltlglycol, monobutyl ether, glycerine, fatty acids, proline, natural oilssuch as almond, mineral, canola, sesame, soybean, pyrrolidine, wheatgerm, hydrolyzed wheat protein, hydrolyzed oat protein, hydrolyzedcollagen, corn, peanut and olive oil, isopropyl myristate, myristylalcohol, aloe vera, algae extract, gluconic acid, hydrolyzed silkprotein, 1,3-propane diol, Vitamin E, nicatinamide stearyl alcohol,isopropyl palmitate, sorbitol, amino acid complexes, panthenol,Dihydroxypropyltrimonium Chloride, quaternized hydrolyzed protein suchas collagen, oat, wheat, inositol, fructose, sucrose, hydrolyzed plantproteins, seaweed extract, polyethylene glycol, ammonium lactate, sodiumhyaluronate, betaine, cyclic peptides, hydroxyethyl urea, agarose, urea,sodium PCA, arginine PCA, fructose, glucose, glutamic acid, glycerine,honey, lactose, maltose, polyethylene glycol, sorbitol, petrolatum, sheabutter, avocado oil, balm mint oil, cod liver oil, mineral oil,trimyristin, stearyl stearate, synthetic wax, ethyl hexylglycerin,cholesterol, cystine, hyaluronic acid, keratin, lecithin, egg yolk,glycine, PPG-12, polyquaternium polymers such as polyquaternium-11,behentrimonium chloride, dihydroxypropyl PEG-5 linoleammonium chloride,glycerol oleate, PEG-7 glyceryl cocoate, cocoglucoside, PEG-200hydrogenated glyceryl palmate, panthenol, retinol, salicylic acid,vegetable oil, methyl gluceth-10, methyl gluceth-20, ethoxylatedderivatives of glycereth-26, ethoxylated shea butter, bisabolol,panthenol and mixtures thereof.
 18. The method of claim 1, wherein saidliquid skin sanitizer further comprises a low spreading emollient. 19.The method of claim 18, wherein said low spreading emollient is presentin an amount of up to about 5 wt. %.
 20. The method of claim 1, whereinsaid applying and drying are performed for at least daily for at leastfive out of seven days.